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  Autism Spectrum Disorder and Generation A: A Forgotten Minority in the Workplace

  Cristina M. Giannantonio, Amy E. Hurley-Hanson, and Amy Jane Griffiths

  This chapter will focus on the work experiences and career outcomes of young adults with ASD who are at risk of becoming forgotten minorities in organizations. While there is relatively little research on the careers of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), research suggests that their life and work outcomes are less favorable than those experienced by the general population (Griffiths et al., 2016). It is predicted that one-half million young adults with ASD will reach adulthood and enter the workforce during the current decade. The term Generation A refer to this incoming cohort of young adults who are likely to need support to successfully navigate the school-to-work transition (Hurley-Hanson et al., 2020). With Generation A poised to enter the workforce in unprecedented numbers, research is needed to help individuals, organizations, and society work together to create successful work experiences and career outcomes for these young adults and to prevent them from becoming forgotten minorities. Specific issues to be addressed in this chapter include the scope and importance of understanding how individuals with ASD, particularly members of Generation A, may become forgotten minorities; the role of functioning level, self-concept, disclosure, stigma, and image norms in preventing Generation A from becoming a forgotten minority; suggestions for future research on forgotten minorities; and implications for human resource management policies and organizational practices.

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  Preface and Introduction to Generation A: Research on Autism in the Workplace

  Cristina M. Giannantonio and Amy E. Hurley-Hanson

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  Psychological Ownership in Hoarding

  Charlene Chu

  This chapter examines hoarding behavior through the lens of consumer behavior as an extreme form of psychological ownership. The phenomenon of hoarding analyzed in context of psychological ownership theory reveals connections between the intense emotional attachment to possessions that characterizes hoarding and the motivations for psychological ownership. In addition, applying psychological ownership theory to existing knowledge of consumer disposition practices offers insights into encouraging disposition. An integrated framework emerges for understanding both difficulties with disposition and ways to encourage disposition.

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  Power and Gender Dynamics in Contemporary Families

  Gokcen Coskuner-Balli and Samantha N. N. Cross

  "In his essay, Bourdieu (1996) defines the family as a set of individuals, living under the same roof, linked together by some affiliation such as marriage, or kinship. Bourdieu sees the family as an arena, where the 'forces of fusion' (that unite the interests of the individual with that of the collective), compete against the 'forces of fission' (the differing, sometimes competing 'selfish' interests of the various family members (Bourdieu 1996, p. 23). Hence, Bourdieu (1996) argues that it is futile to discuss the family (and we argue, family decision-making) without examining 'the structure of power relations' and 'the effects of male domination.' We agree, and in this chapter, we take a moment to reflect and discuss two underlying forces that have shaped, and continue to permeate, the rich body of family decision-making literature to date -- power and gender dynamics. Our review starts over 50 years ago, as we critically explore the manifestation, effects and implications of power and gender dynamics, from the earliest work in family decision-making (FDM) to more recent research on contemporary, non-traditional families."

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  LMX and Autism: Effective Working Relationships

  Amy E. Hurley-Hanson and Cristina M. Giannantonio

  It is predicted that over the next decade close to half a million people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) will reach adulthood (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Relatively little is known about the work and career experiences of individuals with ASD including how ASD may impact the development of effective working relationships between leaders and employees with ASD. Leader member exchange theory (LMX) with its focus on leader-member relationships (Scandura, 2015) may contribute greatly to creating effective working relationships between leaders and their employees with ASD.

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  Northern Ireland Tourist Board and HBO: A Critical Evaluation of a Digital Media Marketing Alliance

  Noel Murray

  The digital and social media campaign of the NITB is evaluated using both qualitative and quantitative performance metrics. The overall success of the GoT Belfast campaign is weighed in terms of economic costs to attract the filming to Northern Ireland versus the economic impact on the region. The assessment addresses the process to evaluate the fit between film and location, the strategies used by the DMO to attract the film production, the impact of the DMO digital and social media campaign, and an overall assessment of the economic impact of the film production on the region.

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  GoT Belfast? How a Television Epic about a War-Torn Land was Employed to Rebrand Northern Ireland

  Noel Martin Murray

  This chapter addresses the role of cine-tourism in destination marketing. Specifically, it analyzes the strategic alliance between the Northern Ireland Tourist Board and HBO, producers of the popular television series Game of Thrones. A narrative analysis is performed on several examples of campaign creative, and traces how the GoT Belfast campaign reimagines Northern Ireland as a tourist destination. The digital and social media campaign of the NITB is evaluated using both qualitative and quantitative performance metrics. The overall success of the GoT Belfast campaign is weighed in terms of economic inducements to attract the filming to Northern Ireland versus the economic impact on the region. Recommendations are offered for future research and for implementation of best practices in cine-tourism management.

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  The Dodd-Frank Act: Key Features, Implementation Progress, and Financial System Impact

  James R. Barth, Apanard P. Angkinand, and Clas Wihlborg

  The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank) of 2010 provides for a wide variety of new regulatory and supervisory initiatives with the goal to promote a safer and sounder banking system. Our paper puts Dodd-Frank into a historical perspective, identifies its key features, discusses the implementation progress, and assesses whether the law will accomplish its objectives. We conclude that the approach in the law to financial regulatory reform is best described as a Band-Aid approach to financial regulation. A better approach in our view is one that strengthens market discipline on bank risk-taking and enhances competition so as to reduce the regulatory burden and enhance the efficiency and stability of the financial system. Dodd-Frank pays lip service to this objective with the creation of an Orderly Liquidation Authority and the Financial Stability Oversight Council, with the effectiveness of both these new bodies being very much in doubt.

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  Transparency Of Financial Regulation

  James R. Barth, Apanard Penny Prabha, and Clas Wihlborg

  This chapter explores the concept of transparency in financial regulation from the perspective of the public. It looks at the role of risk assessment in transparency and the regulatory environment as well as the importance of pluralism in competition in the financial sector. The chapter first considers the meaning of “transparency of financial regulation” and its relation to simplicity. It then traces the progression of the Basel capital adequacy framework from Basel I to Basel III, along with the sources of lack of transparency in the framework. It also presents data showing the lack of transparency in the Basel Capital Accord and countries’ regulatory responses to the global financial crisis. Differences in the implementation of regulation regarding systemically important financial institutions are outlined. Finally, it discusses recent proposals for the separation or separability of financial activities with the goal of enhancing the transparency of banks’ activities for both market participants and resolution authorities.

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  Extreme Leadership: Lessons from Ernest Shackleton and the Endurance Expedition

  Cristina M. Giannantonio and Amy E. Hurley-Hanson

  "In 1914 Sir Ernest Shackleton set sail from London for Antarctica aboard the HMS Endurance. Having lost the race to the South Pole, Shackleton planned a polar expedition which would be the first to cross the Antarctic continent. Well aware of the dangers of polar expeditions, even Shackleton could not have predicted the extreme events that befell the Endurance Expedition. He earned his place in history not because he was the first to discover the South Pole, nor the first to cross Antarctica. Instead, Shackleton is remembered as a courageous leader who faced unfathomable challenges with optimism and conviction. Equally important, he is remembered as a compassionate leader who cared for his crew and rescued all 27 men who embarked on a remarkable journey into the unknown.THE RACE TO THE SOUTH POLEThe Heroic Age of Antarctic exploration encompasses a 25-year time span beginning in 1897 with Adrien de Gerlache’s Belgian Antarctic Expedition and ending with Ernest Shackleton’s Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, of 1914–1917. During this time, 17 expeditions were commissioned from ten different countries. Nineteen explorers died on these expeditions, most from scurvy and malnutrition, but some froze to death, while others were swept overboard and lost at sea.The most notable expeditions of this time were led by Roald Amundsen, Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton. They were three very different men, and although they earned their spot in history for three very different reasons, they shared a common goal: to be the first to reach the South Pole."

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  The Sandy Hook Elementary School Shootings

  Amy E. Hurley-Hanson and Cristina M. Giannantonio

  "Unfortunately, extreme situations occur in places we can only hope they would not. The Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting that occurred on 14 December 2012 was an extreme situation. In less than five minutes, a person walked into a school and killed 20 children and six adults. The student victims were eight boys and 12 girls, between six and seven years of age (Reuters, 2012a). The events that occurred that day were well outside the norm of daily activities for the principals, teachers and aides that worked at Sandy Hook in Newtown, CT. We include this tragic event because it illustrates the wide spectrum of extreme situations where inspirational and authentic leadership may emerge. By analyzing the selfless behaviors displayed in this extreme situation, leadership lessons may be learned from those who were thrust into an extreme situation and ran towards it to do what they could to save lives."

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  Memes, Memetics and Marketing: A State-of-the-Art Review and a Lifecycle Model of Meme Management in Advertising

  Noel Murray, Ajay Manrai, and Lalita Manrai

  The concept of the "meme" has promised to transform our understanding of culture in the same manner as the gene has transformed our knowledge of biology. Yet, memetics has failed to live up to its promise of delivering a more complex and complete model of culture. This paper addresses why the science of memetics has failed to live up to its early promise. It assesses memetics' contribution to explanatory targets of culture, marketing and advertising. The paper analyzes why memetics has received a more positive reception among physical and mathematical sciences than from the social sciences. The social sciences have not been especially receptive to memetics' two over-arching theoretical metaphors of genetics and of viruses of the mind. Nonetheless, a review of popular and successful social media campaigns reveals the popularity of viral themes in the construction of these campaigns. The paper argues that memetics would benefit from the development of a propositional network of empirically testable hypotheses. A lifecycle model of meme management is developed and several testable propositions for memetics in advertising contexts are offered. Finally, we evaluate the prospects for memetics in marketing and call for new theoretical approaches to memetics that rely less on biological, deterministic models of behaviors, and which draw from recent trends in the literature of sociobiology and cultural transmission. The integration of these new theoretical developments into memetics will allow for the integration of cognitive models, in a new and more open model of memetics.

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  Exchange Rate Regimes and International Trade

  Reuven Glick and Clas Wihlborg

  The existing evidence on the volume effects of exchange rate risk and exchange rate regime choice is examined. The analysis involves estimating the effects of cross-country differences in exchange rate regime on export and import elasticities using a continuous measure of the degree of exchange rate flexibility. It is argued that risk for firms involved in international trade tends to decrease with greater exchange rate flexibility. In formulating our hypotheses we argued that the cross-country variation in U.S. export elasticities with respect to the real exchange rate and foreign GDPs is primarily attributable to the cross- country variation in bilateral exchange rate regime-related risk. The empirical results showed that U.S. export elasticities increase with the degree of bilateral exchange rate flexibility of the importing country. We interpreted this result as an indication that the total macroeconomic risk exporters face decreases as the degree of exchange rate flexibility increases.