Document Type
Article
Publication Date
6-30-2025
Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive mapping literature review of the advancements in refreshable Braille display (RBD) technology, which employs dynamically movable pins or dots to render Braille characters for individuals with blindness and visual impairment. This literature review, which includes 96 papers, aims to summarize the current evidence on six distinct types of RBDs: piezoelectric, electromagnetic, electroactive polymer (EAP), pneumatic, shape memory alloy (SMA), and microfluidic technologies. For each type, we discuss the underlying mechanisms, alongside the current trends and research opportunities. This comparative analysis aims to inform the selection of appropriate RBD technology based on specific user needs and application contexts. Our findings highlight the diverse approaches in RBD design, emphasizing innovations that enhance tactile feedback, durability, and portability.
Recommended Citation
Maryam Etezad, Rajeev Joshi, Franceli L. Cibrian, Advancements in refreshable Braille display technology: A comprehensive survey, Displays 90 (2025) 103133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2025.103133
Copyright
The authors
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Included in
Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation Commons, Other Computer Sciences Commons, Other Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons
Comments
This article was originally published in Displays, volume 90, in 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2025.103133