Document Type
Article
Publication Date
11-8-2023
Abstract
How does the quantum-to-classical transition of measurement occur? This question is vital for both foundations and applications of quantum mechanics. Here, we develop a new measurement-based framework for characterizing the classical and quantum free electron–photon interactions and then experimentally test it. We first analyze the transition from projective to weak measurement in generic light–matter interactions and show that any classical electron-laserbeam interaction can be represented as an outcome of weak measurement. In particular, the appearance of classical point-particle acceleration is an example of an amplified weak value resulting from weak measurement. A universal factor, exp(-Γ2/2) , quantifies the measurement regimes and their transition from quantum to classical, where Γ corresponds to the ratio between the electron wavepacket size and the optical wavelength. This measurement-based formulation is experimentally verified in both limits of photon-induced near-field electron microscopy and the classical acceleration regime using a DLA. Our results shed new light on the transition from quantum to classical electrodynamics, enabling us to employ the essence of the wave-particle duality of both light and electrons in quantum measurement for exploring and applying many quantum and classical light–matter interactions.
Recommended Citation
Pan, Y., Cohen, E., Karimi, E. et al. Weak measurements and quantum-to-classical transitions in free electron–photon interactions. Light Sci Appl 12, 267 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-023-01292-2
Peer Reviewed
1
Copyright
The authors
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Comments
This article was originally published in Light: Science & Applications, volume 12, in 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-023-01292-2