Pre-Earthquake Ionospheric Perturbation Identification Using CSES Data via Transfer Learning

Authors

Pan Xiong, China Earthquake Administration
Cheng Long, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Huiyu Zhou, University of Leicester
Roberto Battiston, University of Trento
Angelo De Santis, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy
Dimitar Ouzounov, Chapman UniversityFollow
Xuemin Zhang, China Earthquake Administration
Xuhui Shen, Ministry of Emergency Management of China

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

11-4-2021

Abstract

During the lithospheric buildup to an earthquake, complex physical changes occur within the earthquake hypocenter. Data pertaining to the changes in the ionosphere may be obtained by satellites, and the analysis of data anomalies can help identify earthquake precursors. In this paper, we present a deep-learning model, SeqNetQuake, that uses data from the first China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) to identify ionospheric perturbations prior to earthquakes. SeqNetQuake achieves the best performance [F-measure (F1) = 0.6792 and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) = 0.427] when directly trained on the CSES dataset with a spatial window centered on the earthquake epicenter with the Dobrovolsky radius and an input sequence length of 20 consecutive observations during night time. We further explore a transferring learning approach, which initially trains the model with the larger Electro-Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from the Earthquake Regions (DEMETER) dataset, and then tunes the model with the CSES dataset. The transfer-learning performance is substantially higher than that of direct learning, yielding a 12% improvement in the F1 score and a 29% improvement in the MCC value. Moreover, we compare the proposed model SeqNetQuake with other five benchmarking classifiers on an independent test set, which shows that SeqNetQuake demonstrates a 64.2% improvement in MCC and approximately a 24.5% improvement in the F1 score over the second-best convolutional neural network model. SeqNetSquake achieves significant improvement in identifying pre-earthquake ionospheric perturbation and improves the performance of earthquake prediction using the CSES data.

Comments

This article was originally published in Frontiers in Environmental Science, volume 9, in 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.779255

Recommended Citation

Xiong P, Long C, Zhou H, Battiston R, De Santis A, Ouzounov D, Zhang X and Shen X (2021) Pre-Earthquake Ionospheric Perturbation Identification Using CSES Data via Transfer Learning. Front. Environ. Sci. 9:779255. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.779255

Peer Reviewed

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