Hepatic Disposition and Effects of Nitric Oxide Donors: Rapid and Concentration-Dependent Reduction in the Cytochrome P450-Mediated Drug Metabolism in Isolated Perfused Rat Livers

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2004

Abstract

Various mechanisms, including high levels of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO), have been proposed as mediators for inflammation-induced cytochrome 450 down-regulation. However, the contribution of each of these mediators to the observed effects is controversial. We used an isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL) model to test the direct effects of NO donors on CYP450 down-regulation in the absence of cytokines or other confounding in vivo factors. Our hypothesis was that NO rapidly and concentration-dependently decreases CYP450 activities in IPRL. Livers were perfused (60 min) with 50 to 500 muM sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or 100 to 500 muM isosorbide dinitrate ( ISDN) as NO donors, and the perfusate and biliary disposition of SNP, ISDN, and generated nitrate/nitrite (NOx) were determined. Additionally, at the end of perfusion, catalytic activities and protein levels of various cytochrome isoenzymes were measured. Both SNP and ISDN exhibited linear hepatic disposition with extraction ratios of similar to0.30 and 0.50, respectively. Furthermore, although in small amounts, both NO donors and NOx were found in the bile. Except for CYP2D1, the catalytic activities of all the studied isoenzymes were substantially ( up to 85%) decreased by both NO donors. However, the apoprotein levels of isoenzymes remained largely unchanged. Additionally, the inhibitory effects of NO donors were concentration-dependent, with the concentrations of SNP producing one-half of maximum inhibition being in the order of 2C11 > 2B1/2 > 2E1 = 3A2 > 1A1/2. These studies indicate that the effects of NO on the down-regulation of cytochrome 450 catalytic activity are rapid, concentration-dependent, and isoenzyme-selective.

Comments

This article was originally published in Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, volume 310, issue 2, in 2004. DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104.065557

Copyright

American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

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