Document Type
Article
Publication Date
4-29-2022
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) plays important roles within the cardiovascular system in physiological states as well as in pathophysiologic and specific cardiovascular (CV) disease states, such as hypertension (HTN), arteriosclerosis, and cerebrovascular accidents. This review discusses the roles of the endothelial NOS (eNOS) and its effect on cardiovascular responses that are induced by nociceptive stimuli. The roles of eNOS enzyme in modulating CV functions while experiencing pain will be discussed. Nociception, otherwise known as the subjective experience of pain through sensory receptors, termed “nociceptors”, can be stimulated by various external or internal stimuli. In turn, events of various cascade pathways implicating eNOS contribute to a plethora of pathophysiological responses to the noxious pain stimuli. Nociception pathways involve various regions of the brain and spinal cord, including the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray matter (PAG), rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), caudal ventrolateral medulla, and intermediolateral column of the spinal cord. These pathways can interrelate in nociceptive responses to pain stimuli. The alterations in CV responses that affect GABAergic and glutamatergic pathways will be discussed in relation to mechanical and thermal (heat and cold) stimuli. Overall, this paper will discuss the aggregate recent and past data regarding pain pathways and the CV system.
Recommended Citation
Sarmah, N.; Nauli, A.M.; Ally, A.; Nauli, S.M. Interactions among Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase, Cardiovascular System, and Nociception during Physiological and Pathophysiological States. Molecules 2022, 27, 2835. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092835
Copyright
The authors
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Included in
Cardiovascular Diseases Commons, Enzymes and Coenzymes Commons, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Commons, Other Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons
Comments
This article was originally published in Molecules, volume 27, in 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092835