“These Are not Ordinary Criminals!” The First War Crimes Trial at the People's Tribunal and Its Implications in Post-Holocaust Romania

Authors

Stefan Cristian Ionescu, Chapman UniversityFollow

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2-11-2025

Abstract

This article examines the neglected war crimes trials of Holocaust perpetrators that took place at the People's Tribunal in early postwar Romania, focusing especially on the first trial (the “Macici group”). The article shows that in spite of the political interferences by the new pro-communist regime and the USSR, the Macici group trial in particular, and the first war crimes trials in general, were not Stalinist show trials or fake trials and they sentenced real war criminals and accurately captured Romania's participation in the Holocaust. Unlike the Antonescu group trial – that indicted the former pro-Nazi dictator and his closest collaborators – the first war crimes trial was not a typical political trial. In general, it respected the rule of law of the era. Resembling the cases of other trials of Nazi perpetrators and collaborators in postwar Europe, the Romanian perpetrators invoked superior orders as their main line of defense. In spite of the public perception and the communist regime's propaganda, the primary sources show that the People's Tribunal proved rather lenient and inefficient. Additionally, these trials had an important political-social role in postwar Romania and helped the communist regime discredit political adversaries, purge the judiciary, gain legitimacy, and increase its control of local society.

Comments

This article was originally published in Central European History in 2025. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008938924001006

Recommended Citation

Ionescu, Stefan Cristian. “‘These Are Not Ordinary Criminals!’ The First War Crimes Trial at the People’s Tribunal and Its Implications in Post-Holocaust Romania.” Central European History, 2025, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008938924001006.

Peer Reviewed

1

Copyright

The author

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.